Thai F-16s: The United States Supporting an Ageing Fleet

The Thai Air Force’s F-16 fighters come exclusively from the United States and have for decades formed the backbone of the Royal Thai Air Force (RTAF). These versatile aircraft, acquired in batches since 1988, embody a strategic alliance born during the Cold War and still alive today.

An Air Partnership Forged in the 1980s

It all began in 1988, when Thailand — seeking to modernize its air force amid regional tensions — turned to Washington to replace its old F-5 fighters. The United States, through foreign military sales programs, delivered the first F-16 Block 15 aircraft, followed by several more batches through 2004. Stationed at bases such as Korat and other strategic locations, these jets became guardians of Thai airspace, ready for defensive as well as offensive missions.

Imagine this: in the mid-1980s, under the threat of regional instability in Southeast Asia, Bangkok chose these USA-made Fighting Falcons, first built by General Dynamics and later by Lockheed Martin. Nearly fifty single-seat and two-seat F-16A/B models still equip the fleet, armed with AIM-120 missiles and precision guided bombs.

These F-16s are not parked in hangars; in 2025 they were scrambled to carry out precision strikes on Cambodian targets during border clashes, operating alongside newer Swedish-made Gripen jets.

U.S. Support for an Ageing Fleet

Despite their age, Thailand’s F-16s continue to benefit from American support. In 2010, a $700 million “Mid-Life Upgrade” contract was approved, adding advanced radars and updated electronic systems that extend their service life into 2039. Recently, Washington offered financing to purchase new Block 70/72 F-16s, though it has declined to sell the more advanced F-35 stealth fighters.

This cooperation isn’t one-sided: it reinforces military ties with the United States, including joint training exercises and increased interoperability — an advantage amid strategic concerns such as China’s growing influence in the region.

Towards a Mixed Fleet with Swedish Gripens

Yet Bangkok is diversifying. In 2025 Thailand signed a contract for four Swedish Gripen E/F fighter jets (about $600 million) — the first step toward acquiring twelve aircraft by 2035 — to eventually replace the ageing F-16s. The lower cost, technology transfer potential, and compatibility with Thailand’s existing 11 Gripen C/D jets were key factors in this choice.

The F-16s will remain active for years to come, but this shift toward Saab’s aircraft marks a balancing of alliances: maintaining ties with the U.S. for upgrades while embracing European innovation. In the tense skies of 2025, Thailand is betting on a hybrid air force capable of handling a wide range of scenarios.