Self-Medication in Cambodia: From Daily Habit to Regulatory Progress

Self-medication, that everyday reflex to relieve a headache or allergy, has become a global habit. Everywhere, so-called "over-the-counter" (OTC) medications offer a quick and affordable solution, without needing a doctor.

Paracetamol, ibuprofen, or antihistamines: these pharmacy stars all once required a prescription. Today, a wind of change is blowing through Cambodia, where EuroCham is advocating for clear rules to shift certain prescription drugs to pharmacy counters.

A global trend struggling to take root in the Kingdom

In developed countries, reclassifying medications—from prescription to OTC—is common. It relies on a simple principle: if a product is safe, effective, and well understood by patients, why require a consultation?

Authorities assess risks, benefits, and usage history without medical supervision. The result: greater access, lower costs, and relief for overburdened healthcare systems.

In Cambodia, uncertainty reigns. "There is no formalized procedure," points out EuroCham in its 2024 White Book (Recommendation No. 42). Without precise criteria, patients waste time and money at the doctor for minor ailments. Worse, faced with a lack of suitable OTC options, some turn to prescription drugs obtained illegally. This increases risks of overdose or side effects, as these products often lack clear instructions, unlike better-labeled and dosed OTCs for personal use.

Stakes for public health and the economy

Imagine: a common cold clogging emergency rooms, depriving seriously ill patients of essential care. That's Cambodia's current reality. Expanding OTC offerings would ease the healthcare system while promoting citizen autonomy. OTCs are seen as safer—tailored dosages, clear packaging—and just as effective for minor issues.

EuroCham draws inspiration from ASEAN standards (ACTR), a regional guide that evaluates impacts on public health, professionals, and patients. Aligned with these standards, Cambodia could secure access while maintaining rigorous controls: evidence-based evaluations, impartial data from the pharmaceutical sector, and ongoing safety reviews.

A first step forward in March 2025

On March 12, 2025, the Ministry of Health unveiled a revised draft law on pharmaceutical products. Good news: it classifies drugs into sub-categories, including non-prescription ones and those dispensed by pharmacists without a prescription.

A step toward clarity, welcomed by the industry. But EuroCham insists: precise criteria, inspired by ACTR, are needed so companies can propose transfers safely.

By adopting these rules, Cambodia would join the global trend, boosting the economy (fewer unnecessary consultations) and public health (more individual responsibility). The key is to ensure only appropriate self-medication crosses the threshold, under strict Ministry oversight.

Dialogue with the Royal Government continues. For Cambodians, it's an opportunity to heal better, faster, and at lower cost.

Source: EuroCham Cambodia